ANATOMY OF ORGANS INVOLVED IN GYNAECOGRAPHY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY OF ORGAN INVOLVED

The Pelvis: it is the lower (caudal) portion of the trunk of the body, forming a basin bounded anteriorly and laterally by the hip bones (pubis, pubic arch, ilium and ischium) and posteriorly by sacrum and coccyx. Pelvic structure in male and female differs both in shape and in relative size. The most obvious difference between the male and female pelvis is in the shape.

This examination involves the female internal genitalia which include;

• Vagina

• Cervix

• Uterus
• Fallopian Tubes
• Ovaries and its ligaments

Based on our study, we are going to focus basically on the uterus, cervix fallopian tubes, ovaries and its surrounding ligaments.

THE UTERUS

• Uterus is called the womb.

• Uterus is a muscular child-bearing organ in females,

• It is situated in the pelvis between bladder and rectum.
• It is hollow; it is thick walled and firm organ.

Size and Shape

• The uterus is pyriform in shape.

• It is about 8 cm long, 5 cm broad and 3 cm thick.

• It weighs 30 to 40 grams.
• It is divisible into an upper expanded part called the body and a lower cylindrical part called the cervix.

Body of the Uterus

The body has;

• A fundus

• Two surfaces: Anterior or vesical and posterior or intestinal

• Two lateral borders.

Cervix of Uterus

• The cervix is the lower, cylindrical part of the uterus.
• It is less mobile than the body.
• It is about 2.5 cm long, and is slightly wider in the middle than at either end.
• The lower part of the cervix projects into the anterior wall of the vagina which divides it into supravaginal and vaginal parts.
• The cervix communicates above with the cavity of the body of the uterus, through the internal os, and below with the vaginal cavity through the external os.

Ligaments of Uterus

• The right and left broad ligaments :- The right and left broad ligaments are folds of peritoneum which attach the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall

The Ovary

• The ovary is the major reproductive organ in females.

• It is located in the ovarian fossa just lateral to the uterus

• Measures about 3cm x 2cm x 1cm in the nulliparous woman. It is smaller in size before menarche and post menopause

The rules of 2’s in the ovaries

• 2 borders – anterior and posterior
• 2 surfaces – lateral and medial
• 2 poles – superior and inferior

Ligaments of the Ovaries

These are ligaments that stabilize the ovaries in their positions. They are;

• Mesovarium

• Ovarian ligament

• Suspensory Ligament of the ovary