Indications for gynaecography examination

INDICATIONS

Gynaecography is indicated in female patients of any age in whom accurate assessment of the size of the uterus and ovaries is required and particularly when accurate bimanual examination is impossible such as in infants and children, in virginal and obese women, in patients with narrow introitus or patients who are so tense that examination is unsatisfactory.

1: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):

it is a common hormonal endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It is a condition in which a woman’s level of the sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone are out of balance. PCOS IS ALSO KNOWN AS Stein-Leventhal Syndrome or Polycystic Ovarian disease.

Symptoms of PCOS

1: pelvic pain

2: enlargement of the clitoris

3: infertility

2: Endometriosis:

is a medical condition that occurs when the linings of the uterus, called the endometrium, grows in other places, such as fallopian tubes, ovaries, or along the pelvis. When the tissue lining the inside of the uterus grows outside the uterus

Symptoms of Endometriosis

It can cause;

1. Chronic pains

2. Internal bleeding

3. Infertility
4. Fatigue and
5. Bowel or urinary problems.

3: Virilism:

it is a female disorder in which there is a development of secondary male sexual characteristics as a hirsutism (being hairy) and lowered voice (bass) caused by various conditions affecting hormonal regulation.

4: Amenorrhoea: is the condition when menstrual cycle does not occur in women. It is of two types, primary and secondary.

Primary Amenorrhoea: is the failure of menses to occur by age of sixteen years in the presence of normal growth and secondary sexual characteristics.

Primary symptoms include:

1. Congenital absence of the uterus

2. Failure of the ovary to receive or maintain egg cells.

Secondary Amenorrhoea: is defined as the cessation of menses sometime after menarche has occurred.

Secondary symptoms include:

1. Hormonal disturbances from the hypothalamus and

2. Pituitary gland from pre mature menopause or intrauterine scar formation.

5: Sexual precocity: Is the appearance of sexual characteristics of a matured woman before puberty. It can be classified as either Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-dependent or GnRH-independent.

The symptoms include:

1. Height velocity increases

2. Somatic development and

3. Skeletal maturation which may have profound physical and psychological implications.

6: Ovarian cyst:

it an accumulation of fluid within an ovary that is surrounded by a very thin wall. Any ovarian follicle that is larger than approximately 2cm is an ovarian cyst. Ovarian cyst can range widely in size:  from been as small as a pea to larger than an orange – in rare cases, ovarian cysts can become so large that the woman looks pregnant.

The symptoms include:

a.  Irregular menstruation period may become painful, heavier or lighter than normal.

b.  A pain in the pelvis  and

c.  Pressure on the bowels.